Abstract:In the following review, we evaluated the current literature and evidence-based data on transdermal magnesium application and show that the propagation of transdermal magnesium is scientifically unsupported. The importance of magnesium and the positive effects of magnesium supplementation are extensively documented in magnesium deficiency, e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of oral magnesium supplementation for the treatment of magnesium deficiency has been studied in detail. However, the proven and well-documented oral magnesium supplementation has become questioned in the recent years through intensive marketing for its transdermal application (e.g., magnesium-containing sprays, magnesium flakes, and magnesium salt baths). In both, specialist and lay press as well as on the internet, there are increasing numbers of articles claiming the effectiveness and superiority of transdermal magnesium over an oral application. It is claimed that the transdermal absorption of magnesium in comparison to oral application is more effective due to better absorption and fewer side effects as it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.Keywords: magnesium; transdermal
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is effective in most epileptic conditions, whereas the low dose of 32 µg/mL is effective in partial complex seizures. Thus magnesium salt exhibit a dose-dependent effect in the treatment of epilepsy (de Oliveira et al. 2011). Mg2+ has a beneficial role in correcting the declined levels of synaptically released GABA associated with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). So that Mg2+ supplements decrease the number of days having seizures per month, in case of DRE patients. Thus, oral magnesium supplement therapy is used as an adjuvant in DRE treatment (Abdullahi et al. 2019). In epileptic patients, the low serum Mg2+ may associated with fatal cardiac events and causes sudden unexpected death (Terra et al. 2011). Magnesium sulphate is also found to be effective in the treatment of porphyria-associated seizures since most of the antiepileptic drugs are contraindicated in this situation (Sadeh et al. 1991). Magnesium sulphate is also effective in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus due to febrile illness-related epilepsy (Tan et al. 2015).
Mg2+ deficiency is commonly found in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) (Gottlieb 1989). This may be due to several reasons like increased urinary excretion of Mg2+, increased extracellular volume, and due to the the effect of increased aldosterone(Dinicolantonio et al. 2018). Use of drugs like digoxin, ACE inhibitor, and diuretics also contributed to the deficiency of Mg2+ in congestive heart failure. In addition, in HF patients, it is essential to maintain the balanced level of Mg2+ as it palliates digitalis toxicity and other hemodynamic changes (Douban et al. 1996). The altered level of Mg2+ may prone to lethal arrhythmia followed by sudden death in CHF patients (Bashir et al. 1993). Oral supplementation of magnesium in HF patients reduces the inflammatory mediator C reactive protein, a marker for inflammatory reactions (Almoznino-Sarafian et al. 2007). Magnesium therapy is a promising approach to correct the pro-arrhythmic potential and to stabilize the cardiac repolarisation in heart failure patients (Ince et al. 2001). In line with this result, Stephen Gottlieb et al., 1993 reported that administration of intravenous magnesium sulphate reduces the frequency of occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in CHF patients (Gottlieb et al. 1993). Magnesium orotate effectively improves the survival rate, clinical symptoms, and quality of life of patients with severe congestive heart failure (Stepura and Martynow 2009).
While certain dietary changes may improve magnesium levels, transdermal (delivered through the skin) magnesium therapy has been stirring up great interest in the medical community. Because it is relatively safe and can help with musculoskeletal pain and relaxation, some massage therapists are investigating the use of magnesium oil to offer a greater therapeutic session to their clients.
As well as the potential benefits magnesium oil could have for many chronic health conditions, it appears to be very useful for relaxing and relieving painful muscle and/or nerve problems. In fact, a clinical trial evaluating the use of transdermal magnesium therapy is underway right now at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota for participants with fibromyalgia. Likely because it is a vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant, magnesium oil appears to:
Sports massage therapists could add therapeutic value to their session by using magnesium oil to treat and prevent injuries. Because transdermal magnesium enhances tissue recovery, reduces pain and inflammation and increases muscle, tendon and ligament flexibility, magnesium oil is ideal for working with athletes.
In general, transdermal magnesium therapy is well tolerated. However, it is not without hazards. Excess magnesium is normally excreted from the body, unless there is impaired kidney function or severe renal insufficiency. In addition, magnesium oil is essentially a salt solution which will irritate or sting if applied to a laceration or broken skin. Magnesium oil is highly concentrated, so a slight tingling or itching sensation on skin can occur even on intact skin.
_11_1/Articles/7%20Transdermal%20Mg%20revised2.pdf, A pilot study to determine the impact of transdermal magnesium treatment on serum levels and whole body CaMg ratios, Watkins K, Josling, PD, Retrieved June 6, 2014, The Nutrition Practitioner, Spring 2010. 2ff7e9595c
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